Chapters (from Alexandridis' Textbooks)
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1. Processor's internal operation (pdf)
2. 8-bit processor instruction formats (pdf)
3. Operation of the CPU's external bus (pdf)
4. Intel 8086 (pdf)
5. Computer arithmetic
• Number Representation  (pdf)
• Introduction to Arithmetic  (pdf)
• Fixed-Point Arithmetic  (pdf)
• Decimal (BCD) Arithmetic  (pdf)
• Floating-Point Arithmetic  (pdf)
6. Program-Driven I/O (pdf)
7. Interrupt-Driven I/O (pdf)